![]() Low ROB was observed for qualitative studies, but quantitative studies demonstrated inconsistencies in methodological quality. Overall, adults participating in team sport had more favorable health outcomes than those participating in individual sport, and those participating in sports more often generally report the greatest benefits however, some evidence suggests that adults in elite sport may experience higher levels of psychological distress. The evidence indicates that participation in sport (community and elite) is related to better mental health, including improved psychological well-being (for example, higher self-esteem and life satisfaction) and lower psychological ill-being (for example, reduced levels of depression, anxiety, and stress), and improved social outcomes (for example, improved self-control, pro-social behavior, interpersonal communication, and fostering a sense of belonging). Data was extracted for demographics, methodology, and study outcomes, and results presented according to study design. The search strategy located 8528 articles, of which, 29 involving adults 18–84 years were included for analysis. Risk of bias (ROB) was determined using the Quality Assessment Tool (quantitative studies) or Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (qualitative studies). Eligible qualitative and quantitative studies reported on the relationship between sport participation and mental health and/or social outcomes in adult populations. Nine electronic databases were searched, with studies published between 2012 and March 2020 screened for inclusion. The findings have informed the development of the ‘Mental Health through Sport’ conceptual model for adults. ![]() This study presents the results of an updated systematic review of the mental health and social outcomes of community and elite-level sport participation for adults. Depression and anxiety intervention strategies should be incorporated in cardiac rehabilitation programmes.Sport is a subset of physical activity that can be particularly beneficial for short-and-long-term physical and mental health, and social outcomes in adults. Elevated levels of depression were associated with impaired quality of life.Īll relevant health care staff should be aware of the benefits of CR and routinely refer and encourage patients with cardiac disease to attend a cardiac rehabilitation programme. These benefits were maintained at 12 months. ![]() The energy expenditure was significantly higher for men compared to women (F (1, 103) = 31, p < 0.001).Ī six-week cardiac rehabilitation programme is beneficial in improving quality of life, physical activity status, anxiety and depression. ![]() Depression was independently explained in 22% of the variance in quality of life at 6 or 12 months. Bonferroni pairwise follow-up confirmed significant positive differences (p < 0.05) between baseline values and all subsequent measures over time. One hundred and five (71%) patients (76 male) mean age of 61.8 (SD 9.7) completed the four-measurement points. Patients completed the physical activity energy expenditure (seven-day recall activity), MacNew Heart Disease Health-Related Quality of Life (MacNew) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale (HADs) at baseline, six weeks, six and 12 months. However, the long-term benefits of CR are inconclusive.Ī prospective CR programme with repeated measures follow-up over 12 months.Ī six-week outpatient cardiac rehabilitation programme was conducted including 147 patients with coronary heart disease. To investigate the long-term benefits of a six-week comprehensive cardiac rehabilitation programme on physical activity, psychological well-being and quality of life in patients with coronary heart disease.Ĭardiac rehabilitation (CR) in short term improves exercise capacity and quality of life in patients with cardiac disease. ![]()
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